Entomologist provides update on West Nile Virus epidemic Published Sept. 24, 2012 By Rick Gilbride 23d Civil Engineer Squadron Pest Management MOODY AIR FORCE BASE, Ga. -- With everything that's been going on in the world lately, news reports regarding the West Nile Virus (WNV) epidemic appear to have fallen off the radar. But, don't let that fool you. Cases of the virus continue to be reported, and it's expected that 2012 will have the highest number of cases and deaths since the virus was first identified in the U.S. in 1999. As of Sept 11, 2012, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) is reporting the following: National Reported cases - 2,636 Deaths - 118 Georgia Reported cases - 29 Deaths - 3 Historically, WNV activity peaks in late August to early September, however, this year's warmer than usual temperatures and higher rainfall rates can be expected to extend the season, possibly into October. With that in mind, it remains critical that everyone take appropriate measures to minimize their risk of being bitten by an infected mosquito. What Is West Nile Virus? WNV is a potentially serious illness. Experts believe WNV is established as a seasonal epidemic in North America that flares up in the summer and continues into the fall. Below is important information that can help you recognize and prevent WNV. What Can I Do to Prevent WNV? The easiest and best way to avoid WNV is to prevent mosquito bites. · When you are outdoors, use insect repellents containing an EPA-registered insect repellent, and follow the directions on the package. · Many mosquitoes are most active at dusk and dawn. Be sure to use insect repellent and wear long sleeves and pants at these times or consider staying indoors during these hours. · Make sure you have good screens on your windows and doors to keep mosquitoes out. · Get rid of mosquito breeding sites by emptying standing water from flower pots, buckets and barrels. Change the water in pet dishes and replace the water in bird baths weekly. Drill holes in tire swings so water drains out. Keep children's wading pools empty and on their sides when not in use. What Are the Symptoms of WNV? · Serious symptoms in a few people: About one in 150 people infected with WNV will develop a severe illness. The severe symptoms can include high fever, headache, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness, vision loss, numbness and paralysis. These symptoms may last several weeks, and neurological effects may be permanent. · Milder symptoms in some people: Up to 20 percent of the people who become infected will display symptoms which can include fever, headache and body aches, nausea, vomiting, and sometimes swollen lymph glands or a skin rash on the chest, stomach or back. Symptoms can last for as short as a few days, though even healthy people have been sick for several weeks. · No symptoms in most people: Approximately 80 percent of people who are infected with WNV will not show any symptoms at all, but there is no way to know in advance if you will develop an illness or not. How Does West Nile Virus Spread? · Infected Mosquitoes. Most often, WNV is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. Mosquitoes become infected when they feed on infected birds. Infected mosquitoes can then spread WNV to humans and other animals when they bite. · Transfusions, Transplants and Mother-to-Child. In a very small number of cases, WNV also has been spread through blood transfusions, organ transplants, breastfeeding and even during pregnancy from mother to baby. · Not through touching. WNV is not spread through casual contact such as touching or kissing a person with the virus. How Soon Do Infected People Get Sick? People typically develop symptoms three to 14 days after they are bitten by an infected mosquito. How Is WNV Infection Treated? There is no specific treatment for WNV infection. In cases with milder symptoms, people experience symptoms such as fever and aches that pass on their own. Illness may last weeks to months even in healthy people. In more severe cases, people usually need to go to the hospital to receive supportive treatment including intravenous fluids, help with breathing and nursing care. What Should I Do if I Think I Have WNV? Milder WNV illness improves on its own, and people do not necessarily need to seek medical attention. If you develop symptoms of severe WNV illness, such as unusually severe headaches or confusion, seek medical attention immediately. Severe WNV illness usually requires hospitalization. Pregnant women and nursing mothers are encouraged to talk to their doctor if they develop symptoms that could be WNV. What Is the Risk of Getting Sick from WNV? · People over the age of 50 are more likely to develop serious symptoms of WNV if they do get sick and should take special care to avoid mosquito bites. · Being outside means you're at risk. The more time you spend outdoors, the more time you could be bitten by an infected mosquito. Pay attention to avoiding mosquito bites if you spend a lot of time outside, either working or playing. · Risk through medical procedures is very low. All donated blood is checked for WNV before being used. The risk of getting WNV through blood transfusions and organ transplants is very small, and should not prevent people who need surgery from having it. If you have concerns, talk to your doctor. · Pregnancy and nursing do not increase risk of becoming infected with WNV. The risk that WNV may present to a fetus or an infant infected through breast milk is still being evaluated. Talk with your care provider if you have concerns.